I have just completed Brookhiser’s fairly recent book on James Madison. It was a short book, about 250 pages, compared to the man and era he was reporting. This could stem from the author’s constant summations of Madison’s thoughts and arguments; in addition he refrained from meandering much into other pivotal charters of the time. His use of parenthetical statements were annoyingly odd. Overall, Brookhiser’s book serves well as an introduction for one seeking to learn more about ‘the father of our constitution.’
In regards to Madison himself, he was a staunch believer in religious freedom proclaiming, “Religious bondage, shackles and debilitates the mind” (21). In considering George Mason’s draft, harkening back to John Locke, “call[ing] for ‘the fullest toleration in the exercise of religion” (23), Madison thought the word toleration implied the state was superior to grant freedom to others. So, Madison penned an amendment positing, “‘All men are equally entitled to the full and free exercise’ of religion” (23). This implies that free worship is a right of human nature.
Madison was also staunchly against state subsidized religion. He reasoned Christianity, “disavows a dependence on the powers of the world” (42). Furthermore, tracing the same line of thought from above, Madison figured that the Church who accepted states help today would be controlled by the state tomorrow. It is interesting to note that in early American, Reverends and Preachers and Pastors were ‘more free’ to preach about–for and against–politics without being bullied by the government ( a la the IRS in regards to the tax exempt status– a way to bully the bullies in the bully pulpit). Madison may have been a prophet in foreseeing that when Churches accept terms by the government, the government will use whatever those means are as leverage against the Church. Consider the latest attempted incursion into the Church by the Obama administration regarding who the Church (Mosque or Synagogue) can hire or fire to teach their doctrinal beliefs. Praise God the courts slapped that over-reaching hand. This goes to show how Madison anticipated some of the inclinations of government.
There is a pointed quote from Governor Morris in reference to the French Revolution that echos from the past to pronounce on our current state of affairs. As Jefferson was leaving France and Morris arriving, in passing Morris offered, “France’s leaders ‘want an American constitution’ without ‘reflecting that they have not the American citizens to support it” (96). As this remark would have served Jefferson well to reflect on–instead of being untroubled, and supporting the trade of 1000′s dying to bring a French Revolution (112-113)–our current policy makers ought to consider Morris’ wisdom in handling the so called ‘Arab Spring’.
This book also helped me appreciate Mr. Obama’s vast constitutional knowledge. When he remarked about people ‘clinging to their guns and religion’ he was likely referencing the fact that the English Bill of Rights–which our Bill of Rights derived from– “upheld a rather specialized form of the right to bear arms: ‘Protestants may have arms for their defense” (80). Thus, when people do cling to their guns and religion they are fulfilling an aged old right! Surely this is what Obama meant, and not that they should cling to the hand of governmental ‘progress’–the same hand that tried to bind the Church, as noted above.
While I do have some quibbles with some of Brookhiser’s treatment of John Adams–couched as they may be through the prism of Madison. I am thankful for his book and have learned a great deal from him. I recommend it to all that want to have a closer look at one of our greatest founding fathers.
~BW